{"source":{"url":"https://ontology.live/o/invoice-ontology-bc8fea","author":"@ssergienko","license":"CC BY 4.0","licenseUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","publishedAt":"2026-10-21T19:39:38.360Z"},"ontology":{"name":"Invoice Ontology","description":"Models seller-issued invoices (professional services and usage-based billing) requesting payment for goods or services. Used to generate new realistic invoices with parties, line items, tax treatment, totals and payment instructions.","domain":"finance"},"graph":{"nodes":[{"id":"invoice","type":"class","label":"Invoice","description":"The root document requesting payment for delivered goods or services.","semantics":"Layout and verbosity vary from compact tabular to numbered line lists.","examples":["INVOICE","TAX INVOICE #NW-00000"]},{"id":"header_block","type":"class","label":"Header Block","description":"Identifiers and dates at the top of the invoice.","semantics":"Fields and order vary; always includes number and date.","examples":["Invoice no, Issue date, Due date"]},{"id":"seller","type":"class","label":"Seller / Issuer","description":"The party issuing the invoice and receiving payment.","semantics":"May be an individual studio or a large company; tax ID shown depending on jurisdiction.","examples":["Willow Brook Design Ltd","Cedar Peak Hosting Inc."]},{"id":"buyer","type":"class","label":"Buyer / Customer","description":"The party billed.","semantics":"Appears as Bill to or Customer; may include account number and tax ID.","examples":["Contoso Outdoor GmbH","Fabrikam Robotics LLC (account 10000)"]},{"id":"line_items","type":"class","label":"Line Items","description":"Itemised charges, credits and fees.","semantics":"Number of lines varies from 1 to many; may include negative credit lines.","examples":["Logo design – 3 concepts","Object storage 12.5 TB-month"]},{"id":"totals_block","type":"class","label":"Totals Block","description":"Subtotal, tax, total and balance summary.","semantics":"Arithmetic must reconcile with line items.","examples":["Subtotal, VAT, TOTAL DUE","Subtotal, Sales tax, Total, Balance due"]},{"id":"payment_info","type":"class","label":"Payment Instructions","description":"How and when to pay.","semantics":"Bank transfer details or auto-charge to card; terms and late penalties optional.","examples":["IBAN and BIC","auto-charged to card ending 0000"]},{"id":"invoice_number","type":"property","label":"Invoice Number","description":"Unique identifier of the invoice.","semantics":"Format varies: year-sequence or prefix-sequence.","examples":["2026-0587","NW-70318"]},{"id":"issue_date","type":"property","label":"Issue Date","description":"Date the invoice was issued.","semantics":"Date format varies (long form or ISO).","examples":["3 October 2026","2026-09-30"]},{"id":"due_date","type":"property","label":"Due Date","description":"Date payment is due.","semantics":"Derived from issue date plus payment terms.","examples":["2 November 2026","2026-10-30"]},{"id":"billing_period","type":"property","label":"Billing Period","description":"Period covered by usage-based or recurring charges.","semantics":"Present for subscription or metered billing; absent for project work.","examples":["2026-09-01 to 2026-09-30"]},{"id":"currency","type":"property","label":"Currency","description":"Currency of all amounts.","semantics":"Shown via symbol or explicit code; consistent throughout.","examples":["GBP (£)","USD ($)","EUR"]},{"id":"po_reference","type":"property","label":"PO / Account Reference","description":"Buyer-side reference for matching.","semantics":"Optional.","examples":["PO-00000","account 10000"]},{"id":"tax_id","type":"property","label":"Tax / VAT ID","description":"Registered tax identifier of a party.","semantics":"Required for cross-border B2B VAT contexts.","examples":["GB000000000","DE000000000"]},{"id":"address","type":"property","label":"Address","description":"Postal address of a party.","semantics":"Format follows country conventions.","examples":["10 Example Street, Bristol BS1 0AA, UK","500 Sample Ave, Denver, CO 80202, USA"]},{"id":"line_description","type":"property","label":"Line Description","description":"Text describing the item or service.","semantics":"Ranges from deliverables to metered resources.","examples":["Packaging mock-ups","Support plan – Business"]},{"id":"quantity_unit","type":"property","label":"Quantity and Unit","description":"Amount of units billed.","semantics":"Days, items, instance-hours, TB-month.","examples":["2 days","7,200 instance-hours"]},{"id":"unit_price","type":"property","label":"Unit Price","description":"Price per unit.","semantics":"Quantity × unit price = line amount.","examples":["£1,200.00","$0.096"]},{"id":"line_amount","type":"property","label":"Line Amount","description":"Extended amount for a line.","semantics":"Negative for credits.","examples":["£2,400.00","-$45.00"]},{"id":"tax_line","type":"property","label":"Tax Line","description":"Tax rate, label and amount.","semantics":"VAT, sales tax, or zero-rated with legal basis.","examples":["VAT 0% reverse charge","Sales tax (Colorado 2.9%): $29.25"]},{"id":"total_due","type":"property","label":"Total / Balance Due","description":"Final payable amount.","semantics":"Equals subtotal plus tax minus payments.","examples":["£5,100.00","$1,037.95"]},{"id":"payment_terms","type":"property","label":"Payment Terms","description":"Stated payment period and late-payment conditions.","semantics":"Optional penalty clause.","examples":["Net 30","Late interest 8% above base rate"]},{"id":"payment_method","type":"dimension","label":"Payment Method","description":"Mechanism for settlement.","semantics":"Determines which payment fields appear.","examples":["bank transfer","card auto-charge"]},{"id":"billing_model","type":"dimension","label":"Billing Model","description":"Basis of charges.","semantics":"Project/deliverable-based versus metered/subscription; drives line items and billing period.","examples":["fixed-fee project","usage-based subscription"]},{"id":"tax_regime","type":"dimension","label":"Tax Regime","description":"Jurisdictional tax treatment.","semantics":"Drives tax line, tax IDs and legal citations.","examples":["EU reverse charge","US state sales tax","UK VAT"]},{"id":"cross_border","type":"dimension","label":"Domestic vs Cross-border","description":"Whether seller and buyer are in different countries.","semantics":"Cross-border often yields zero-rated tax and tax IDs for both parties.","examples":["UK to Germany","US domestic"]},{"id":"credit_line","type":"value","label":"Credit Line","description":"Negative line item such as SLA credit or discount.","semantics":"Reduces subtotal.","examples":["service-level credit (incident 2026-09-14)"]},{"id":"payment_status","type":"property","label":"Payment Status","description":"Amount already paid and balance outstanding.","semantics":"Optional; typical for recurring bills.","examples":["Amount paid: $0.00"]},{"id":"contact_info","type":"property","label":"Contact / Support","description":"Contact for billing queries.","semantics":"Optional.","examples":["billing@example.com"]},{"id":"arithmetic_constraint","type":"constraint","label":"Arithmetic Consistency","description":"Line amounts equal quantity × price; subtotal is sum of lines; total = subtotal + tax − payments.","semantics":"Must hold in every generated invoice.","examples":["691.20 + 262.50 + 100 − 45 = 1,008.70"]},{"id":"date_constraint","type":"constraint","label":"Date Consistency","description":"Due date follows issue date by the payment term; billing period precedes issue date.","semantics":"Net 30 means due 30 days after issue.","examples":["3 Oct → 2 Nov"]},{"id":"currency_constraint","type":"constraint","label":"Single Currency","description":"All amounts use one currency matching the seller's jurisdiction or contract.","semantics":"Formatting of separators is consistent.","examples":["£ throughout"]},{"id":"legal_citation","type":"constraint","label":"Tax Legal Basis","description":"Zero-rated or exempt lines cite the legal basis.","semantics":"Applies for reverse charge cases.","examples":["Article 196 Directive 2006/112/EC"]}],"edges":[{"source":"invoice","target":"header_block","label":"contains","type":"part_of"},{"source":"invoice","target":"seller","label":"issued by","type":"relates_to"},{"source":"invoice","target":"buyer","label":"billed to","type":"relates_to"},{"source":"invoice","target":"line_items","label":"itemises","type":"has_property"},{"source":"invoice","target":"totals_block","label":"summarises in","type":"has_property"},{"source":"invoice","target":"payment_info","label":"instructs","type":"has_property"},{"source":"header_block","target":"invoice_number","label":"has","type":"has_property"},{"source":"header_block","target":"issue_date","label":"has","type":"has_property"},{"source":"header_block","target":"due_date","label":"has","type":"has_property"},{"source":"header_block","target":"billing_period","label":"may have","type":"has_property"},{"source":"header_block","target":"currency","label":"may state","type":"has_property"},{"source":"buyer","target":"po_reference","label":"supplies","type":"has_property"},{"source":"seller","target":"tax_id","label":"has","type":"has_property"},{"source":"buyer","target":"tax_id","label":"may have","type":"has_property"},{"source":"seller","target":"address","label":"has","type":"has_property"},{"source":"buyer","target":"address","label":"has","type":"has_property"},{"source":"line_items","target":"line_description","label":"has","type":"has_property"},{"source":"line_items","target":"quantity_unit","label":"has","type":"has_property"},{"source":"line_items","target":"unit_price","label":"has","type":"has_property"},{"source":"line_items","target":"line_amount","label":"has","type":"has_property"},{"source":"credit_line","target":"line_items","label":"is a kind of","type":"instance_of"},{"source":"totals_block","target":"tax_line","label":"includes","type":"part_of"},{"source":"totals_block","target":"total_due","label":"includes","type":"part_of"},{"source":"totals_block","target":"payment_status","label":"may include","type":"part_of"},{"source":"payment_info","target":"payment_terms","label":"states","type":"has_property"},{"source":"payment_info","target":"payment_method","label":"varies by","type":"has_property"},{"source":"payment_info","target":"contact_info","label":"may give","type":"has_property"},{"source":"billing_model","target":"line_items","label":"shapes","type":"constrains"},{"source":"billing_model","target":"billing_period","label":"determines presence","type":"constrains"},{"source":"tax_regime","target":"tax_line","label":"determines","type":"constrains"},{"source":"cross_border","target":"tax_regime","label":"influences","type":"relates_to"},{"source":"legal_citation","target":"tax_line","label":"supports","type":"constrains"},{"source":"arithmetic_constraint","target":"totals_block","label":"governs","type":"constrains"},{"source":"arithmetic_constraint","target":"line_amount","label":"governs","type":"constrains"},{"source":"date_constraint","target":"due_date","label":"governs","type":"constrains"},{"source":"currency_constraint","target":"currency","label":"governs","type":"constrains"},{"source":"payment_terms","target":"due_date","label":"determines","type":"relates_to"},{"source":"payment_method","target":"payment_info","label":"dictates fields","type":"constrains"}]},"pipeline":{"classes":[{"id":"invoice","label":"Invoice","description":"The root document requesting payment for delivered goods or services.","parent":null,"properties":[{"id":"line_items","label":"Line Items","description":"Itemised charges, credits and fees.","examples":["Logo design – 3 concepts","Object storage 12.5 TB-month"]},{"id":"totals_block","label":"Totals Block","description":"Subtotal, tax, total and balance summary.","examples":["Subtotal, VAT, TOTAL DUE","Subtotal, Sales tax, Total, Balance due"]},{"id":"payment_info","label":"Payment Instructions","description":"How and when to pay.","examples":["IBAN and BIC","auto-charged to card ending 0000"]}],"relations":[{"type":"part_of","target":"Header Block","label":"contains"},{"type":"relates_to","target":"Seller / Issuer","label":"issued by"},{"type":"relates_to","target":"Buyer / Customer","label":"billed to"}],"examples":["INVOICE","TAX INVOICE #NW-00000"]},{"id":"header_block","label":"Header Block","description":"Identifiers and dates at the top of the invoice.","parent":null,"properties":[{"id":"invoice_number","label":"Invoice Number","description":"Unique identifier of the invoice.","examples":["2026-0587","NW-70318"]},{"id":"issue_date","label":"Issue Date","description":"Date the invoice was issued.","examples":["3 October 2026","2026-09-30"]},{"id":"due_date","label":"Due Date","description":"Date payment is due.","examples":["2 November 2026","2026-10-30"]},{"id":"billing_period","label":"Billing Period","description":"Period covered by usage-based or recurring charges.","examples":["2026-09-01 to 2026-09-30"]},{"id":"currency","label":"Currency","description":"Currency of all amounts.","examples":["GBP (£)","USD ($)","EUR"]}],"relations":[],"examples":["Invoice no, Issue date, Due date"]},{"id":"seller","label":"Seller / Issuer","description":"The party issuing the invoice and receiving payment.","parent":null,"properties":[{"id":"tax_id","label":"Tax / VAT ID","description":"Registered tax identifier of a party.","examples":["GB000000000","DE000000000"]},{"id":"address","label":"Address","description":"Postal address of a party.","examples":["10 Example Street, Bristol BS1 0AA, UK","500 Sample Ave, Denver, CO 80202, USA"]}],"relations":[],"examples":["Willow Brook Design Ltd","Cedar Peak Hosting Inc."]},{"id":"buyer","label":"Buyer / Customer","description":"The party billed.","parent":null,"properties":[{"id":"po_reference","label":"PO / Account Reference","description":"Buyer-side reference for matching.","examples":["PO-00000","account 10000"]},{"id":"tax_id","label":"Tax / VAT ID","description":"Registered tax identifier of a party.","examples":["GB000000000","DE000000000"]},{"id":"address","label":"Address","description":"Postal address of a party.","examples":["10 Example Street, Bristol BS1 0AA, UK","500 Sample Ave, Denver, CO 80202, USA"]}],"relations":[],"examples":["Contoso Outdoor GmbH","Fabrikam Robotics LLC (account 10000)"]},{"id":"line_items","label":"Line Items","description":"Itemised charges, credits and fees.","parent":null,"properties":[{"id":"line_description","label":"Line Description","description":"Text describing the item or service.","examples":["Packaging mock-ups","Support plan – Business"]},{"id":"quantity_unit","label":"Quantity and Unit","description":"Amount of units billed.","examples":["2 days","7,200 instance-hours"]},{"id":"unit_price","label":"Unit Price","description":"Price per unit.","examples":["£1,200.00","$0.096"]},{"id":"line_amount","label":"Line Amount","description":"Extended amount for a line.","examples":["£2,400.00","-$45.00"]}],"relations":[],"examples":["Logo design – 3 concepts","Object storage 12.5 TB-month"]},{"id":"totals_block","label":"Totals Block","description":"Subtotal, tax, total and balance summary.","parent":null,"properties":[],"relations":[{"type":"part_of","target":"Tax Line","label":"includes"},{"type":"part_of","target":"Total / Balance Due","label":"includes"},{"type":"part_of","target":"Payment Status","label":"may include"}],"examples":["Subtotal, VAT, TOTAL DUE","Subtotal, Sales tax, Total, Balance due"]},{"id":"payment_info","label":"Payment Instructions","description":"How and when to pay.","parent":null,"properties":[{"id":"payment_terms","label":"Payment Terms","description":"Stated payment period and late-payment conditions.","examples":["Net 30","Late interest 8% above base rate"]},{"id":"payment_method","label":"Payment Method","description":"Mechanism for settlement.","examples":["bank transfer","card auto-charge"]},{"id":"contact_info","label":"Contact / Support","description":"Contact for billing queries.","examples":["billing@example.com"]}],"relations":[],"examples":["IBAN and BIC","auto-charged to card ending 0000"]}],"dimensions":[{"id":"payment_method","label":"Payment Method","description":"Mechanism for settlement.","values":[]},{"id":"billing_model","label":"Billing Model","description":"Basis of charges.","values":[]},{"id":"tax_regime","label":"Tax Regime","description":"Jurisdictional tax treatment.","values":[]},{"id":"cross_border","label":"Domestic vs Cross-border","description":"Whether seller and buyer are in different countries.","values":[]}],"constraints":[{"id":"arithmetic_constraint","label":"Arithmetic Consistency","description":"Line amounts equal quantity × price; subtotal is sum of lines; total = subtotal + tax − payments.","appliesTo":["Totals Block","Line Amount"]},{"id":"date_constraint","label":"Date Consistency","description":"Due date follows issue date by the payment term; billing period precedes issue date.","appliesTo":["Due Date"]},{"id":"currency_constraint","label":"Single Currency","description":"All amounts use one currency matching the seller's jurisdiction or contract.","appliesTo":["Currency"]},{"id":"legal_citation","label":"Tax Legal Basis","description":"Zero-rated or exempt lines cite the legal basis.","appliesTo":["Tax Line"]}],"promptReady":"# Invoice Ontology\n\nModels seller-issued invoices (professional services and usage-based billing) requesting payment for goods or services. Used to generate new realistic invoices with parties, line items, tax treatment, totals and payment instructions.\n\n**Domain:** finance\n\n## Classes\n\n### Invoice\nThe root document requesting payment for delivered goods or services.\n\n**Properties:**\n- Line Items: Itemised charges, credits and fees.\n  Examples: Logo design – 3 concepts, Object storage 12.5 TB-month\n- Totals Block: Subtotal, tax, total and balance summary.\n  Examples: Subtotal, VAT, TOTAL DUE, Subtotal, Sales tax, Total, Balance due\n- Payment Instructions: How and when to pay.\n  Examples: IBAN and BIC, auto-charged to card ending 0000\n\n**Relations:**\n- contains → Header Block\n- issued by → Seller / Issuer\n- billed to → Buyer / Customer\n\n**Examples:**\n- INVOICE\n- TAX INVOICE #NW-00000\n\n### Header Block\nIdentifiers and dates at the top of the invoice.\n\n**Properties:**\n- Invoice Number: Unique identifier of the invoice.\n  Examples: 2026-0587, NW-70318\n- Issue Date: Date the invoice was issued.\n  Examples: 3 October 2026, 2026-09-30\n- Due Date: Date payment is due.\n  Examples: 2 November 2026, 2026-10-30\n- Billing Period: Period covered by usage-based or recurring charges.\n  Examples: 2026-09-01 to 2026-09-30\n- Currency: Currency of all amounts.\n  Examples: GBP (£), USD ($), EUR\n\n**Examples:**\n- Invoice no, Issue date, Due date\n\n### Seller / Issuer\nThe party issuing the invoice and receiving payment.\n\n**Properties:**\n- Tax / VAT ID: Registered tax identifier of a party.\n  Examples: GB000000000, DE000000000\n- Address: Postal address of a party.\n  Examples: 10 Example Street, Bristol BS1 0AA, UK, 500 Sample Ave, Denver, CO 80202, USA\n\n**Examples:**\n- Willow Brook Design Ltd\n- Cedar Peak Hosting Inc.\n\n### Buyer / Customer\nThe party billed.\n\n**Properties:**\n- PO / Account Reference: Buyer-side reference for matching.\n  Examples: PO-00000, account 10000\n- Tax / VAT ID: Registered tax identifier of a party.\n  Examples: GB000000000, DE000000000\n- Address: Postal address of a party.\n  Examples: 10 Example Street, Bristol BS1 0AA, UK, 500 Sample Ave, Denver, CO 80202, USA\n\n**Examples:**\n- Contoso Outdoor GmbH\n- Fabrikam Robotics LLC (account 10000)\n\n### Line Items\nItemised charges, credits and fees.\n\n**Properties:**\n- Line Description: Text describing the item or service.\n  Examples: Packaging mock-ups, Support plan – Business\n- Quantity and Unit: Amount of units billed.\n  Examples: 2 days, 7,200 instance-hours\n- Unit Price: Price per unit.\n  Examples: £1,200.00, $0.096\n- Line Amount: Extended amount for a line.\n  Examples: £2,400.00, -$45.00\n\n**Examples:**\n- Logo design – 3 concepts\n- Object storage 12.5 TB-month\n\n### Totals Block\nSubtotal, tax, total and balance summary.\n\n**Relations:**\n- includes → Tax Line\n- includes → Total / Balance Due\n- may include → Payment Status\n\n**Examples:**\n- Subtotal, VAT, TOTAL DUE\n- Subtotal, Sales tax, Total, Balance due\n\n### Payment Instructions\nHow and when to pay.\n\n**Properties:**\n- Payment Terms: Stated payment period and late-payment conditions.\n  Examples: Net 30, Late interest 8% above base rate\n- Payment Method: Mechanism for settlement.\n  Examples: bank transfer, card auto-charge\n- Contact / Support: Contact for billing queries.\n  Examples: billing@example.com\n\n**Examples:**\n- IBAN and BIC\n- auto-charged to card ending 0000\n\n## Dimensions\n\n### Payment Method\nMechanism for settlement.\n\n### Billing Model\nBasis of charges.\n\n### Tax Regime\nJurisdictional tax treatment.\n\n### Domestic vs Cross-border\nWhether seller and buyer are in different countries.\n\n## Constraints\n\n- **Arithmetic Consistency** (Totals Block, Line Amount): Line amounts equal quantity × price; subtotal is sum of lines; total = subtotal + tax − payments.\n- **Date Consistency** (Due Date): Due date follows issue date by the payment term; billing period precedes issue date.\n- **Single Currency** (Currency): All amounts use one currency matching the seller's jurisdiction or contract.\n- **Tax Legal Basis** (Tax Line): Zero-rated or exempt lines cite the legal basis."}}